Strategies For Finding Errors In Accounting

In daily accounting, mistakes happen frequently.

If a mistake is found, one is to confirm the amount of the mistake; the two is to confirm that the mistake is in the debtor or the lender; the three is to analyze the possible causes of the error according to the specific circumstances of the error, and adopt corresponding search methods, so as to shorten the time of finding the error and reduce the amount of audit work.

There are many ways to find errors. Several commonly used methods are introduced as follows:

(1) check up method (also known as positive search method).

The checking method is a method to find out the whole process of the original voucher, account book and compiling accounting report according to the order of account processing.

That is, first inspection.

If it is correct, check the bookkeeping voucher, the original voucher and the relevant account records one by one, and finally check the amount and balance of the accounts concerned.

This kind of examination method can be found to remember, miss, wrong subjects, wrong amount and so on.

The advantage of this method is that the scope of the check is large and it is not easy to omit. The drawback is that the workload is heavy and the time needed is relatively long.

Therefore, in practice, we usually use other methods to find out the error.

(2) reverse method (also called reverse checking).

This method is contrary to the checking method. It is a method to find out the process of accounting statements, account books and original vouchers according to the order of accounts processing.

That is to say, check the balance of the account concerned first, then check the relevant books in the order of records, check with the relevant bookkeeping vouchers or original vouchers one by one, and finally check the correctness of the accounting vouchers.

The advantages and disadvantages of this method are the same as that of the check method.

The difference is based on the actual needs of work, and for some reason, the possibility of errors in the later stage is greater.

(3) spot check method.

The spot check method is a method to extract part of the account bookkeeping records.

When errors occur, they can be segmented and focused on specific circumstances.

Check a part of account records with relevant bookkeeping vouchers or original vouchers.

It can also be searched according to the number of errors.

If the error is an angle or a division, it is only necessary to find the following mantissa; if the error is the thousand bits and tens of thousands of integers, it is only necessary to find thousands or tens of digits. Other bits should not be searched one by one or one by one.

The advantage of this method is that the scope is small, and it can save time and reduce workload.

(4) even legal.

Coincidence is a way to find out the records that are often encountered in an error, and to infer records related to errors.

This method is mainly applicable to finding missing, re recording, and incorrect records.

(1) search for missing entries.

A. the general ledger is missing. When the trial balance is in equilibrium, the amount of imbalance between the borrowers and the debits occurs. When the general ledger and the subsidiary ledger are checked, it will be found that the amount of the total amount of the borrower (or loan) that is accumulated by a borrower in a general ledger is larger than that of the general ledger, and there is a difference between the two loans.

Moreover, there is an amount equal to the difference between the general ledger and the subsidiary ledger, which indicates that the borrower or the loan of the general ledger is missing.

B. a detail account is omitted, and it can be found when checking the general ledger and the subsidiary ledger.

The general ledger has been trial balanced, but when checking the general ledger and the subsidiary ledger, it is found that the sum of the amount borrowed or borrowed by a general ledger is larger than the sum of the amount of borrowed (or loan) of the subsidiary ledger, which indicates that one side of the account may be omitted, and the relevant credentials of the subsidiary ledger can be checked.

C. if the bookkeeping credential is missing, there is no obvious error feature, and only by checking or checking the method.

Second, repeat the search.

A. the general ledger is memorizing.

When trial balance is in equilibrium, there is an imbalance between the borrowers and the two parties. When the general ledger and the subsidiary ledger are checked, it will be found that the amount of the total amount of the borrower (or the loan) party who has the sum of the account of a general ledger is less than that of the general ledger, and there is a difference. The two differences are exactly the same, and there is a record in the general ledger and the subsidiary ledger that the difference is equal.

B. if the subsidiary ledger is re recorded, it will be recorded in the general ledger.

It can be found in time.

The general ledger has been trial balanced. When the sum of the account receivage is less than that of the subsidiary ledger, the sum of the sum of the borrowed (or the loan) side of the subsidiary ledger may be a duplicate of the subsidiary ledger, and the check voucher related to the subsidiary ledger can be checked.

C. if there is no obvious error feature in the whole bookkeeping certificate, it can only be found by using the check method or the reverse method.

Third, record the search of the reverse account.

Reverse accounting means that in the time of bookkeeping, the amount of the occurrence of the mistake is mistaken, the amount of the debtor is credited, or the amount of the credit is recorded into the debtor.

When the general ledger records an account, the balance between the borrowers and the borrowers is found to be uneven when the trial balance is in equilibrium.

The difference is even, can be divisible by 2, and the quotient obtained is recorded in the account book. If the debtor is greater than the lender, it means that the lender is wrongly recorded as a borrower. Otherwise, it indicates that the borrower is wrongly credited as the lender.

If the subsidiary ledger is reversed and the general ledger record is correct, the trial amount of the general ledger is correct. It can be found by checking the general ledger and the subsidiary ledger.

4. Search for wrong accounts.

In practical work, erroneously bookkeeping refers to the wrong number. There are two common ones.

The first is digital dislocation, that is, the number of digits should not be moved forward or backward, or small or big.

For example: turning the thousand digit into a hundred digit (big decrease), 1600 is remembered as 160 (big change small), or the hundred digit becomes the thousand digit (small to become big), 3.43 writes 243.

If it is too small, it is

Or when the general ledger and the subsidiary ledger are checked, the difference between the correct number and the wrong number is a positive number. The difference between the sum of 9 and the amount of the wrong account is exactly the same.

If the balance can be divided by 9 when checking accounts, the number of traders is exactly the number of accounts, and may be mistaken.

If it is small, the difference between the correct number and the error number is a negative number in the trial balance or the general ledger and the subsidiary ledger. The sum of the difference divided by 9 is multiplied by 10, and the absolute number obtained is exactly the same as that on the account.

When checking accounts, we should follow: the difference negative number divided by 9, the quotient multiplied by 10 accounts, may be mistaken.

The second is wrong.

Error is the wrong number in the process of registering books.

For mismatch lookup, we can determine the search method separately according to the difference formed by the wrong record. When searching, we should not only find the amount of occurrence, but also look for the balance.

In general, the difference formed by simultaneous mistake is the following:

First, neighbor numbers are reversed.

The inversion of adjacent numbers refers to the exchange of two adjacent figures when registering the account books.

If 43 mistakes 34, or 34 wrong 43.

The difference between the correct number and the error number is a positive number when the trial balance is in equilibrium. If the difference is divided into 9, the effective figure in the quotient is exactly the same as the difference between the adjacent inverting two numbers, and not more than 9.

It can be found in the range of two adjacent numbers with the same difference according to this feature.

If the former is turned upside down, the balance between the correct number and the error number is negative when the trial balance or general ledger and subsidiary ledger are accounted for.

Under the above circumstances, the difference can be divided by 9 while the effective number is only 9.

For example, the total balance of accounts receivable of an enterprise should be 881.34, while the total amount of the ledger is 944.34, and the general ledger and the subsidiary ledger are not equal.

The details of the subsidiary ledger are as follows.

Name of serial number (10000 yuan)

1 A 623.45

2 B 103.68

3 C 45.79

4 D 81.18

5 E 90.24

Total 944.34

Search steps:

First, get the positive error value: 881.34 - 944.34=-63 yuan.

Second, to judge whether the difference can be divided by 9, the difference is 63, which can be divisible for 9 (630 thousand yuan /9=7 yuan).

Third, seek the difference coefficient: -63/9=-7.

Fourth, find out whether there is a difference between two adjacent numbers in the error table by 7.

When the difference coefficient is negative, it will be smaller before checking.

According to the survey, the "8" - "1" =7 in the fourth row of "81.18" in the table is smaller than before.

It can be judged that the error is a digital inversion, that is, it may be 18.18 and the error is 81.18.

Fifth, the fourth rows will be revised according to 18.18, and the total number will be 881.34, which is consistent with the general ledger.

Two, digit inversion.

Such as: 425, 524701, 107, etc., the effective number of the difference generated by this inversion is more than three, and the middle number must be 9. The difference is 9, except that the quotient must be the same number as two, such as 22, 33, 34...

The 1 number in the quotient is exactly the difference between the two alternate numbers.

For example, if 802 fails to remember 208 yuan, the difference is 594, 9 is divided into 66, two is 8 and 2 is 8.

Therefore, we can find the number of the difference between the number of 100 digit and two digit in the account record by using the nearest neighbor digit inversion error finding method, that is, the number of 600 and 006, 701 and 107, 802 and 208, 903 and 3O9 four group, then we can find the digit digit inversion error.

When adopting the above methods, we should pay attention to the following aspects: first, correctly choose the base as the comparison standard; two, ensure the comparability of the contrast index; three, analyze the change of the relative number and the absolute number at the same time, and calculate the influence on the total amount.