Here, This Is Matter

What is matter? What is energy? These problems have gone beyond physics and become philosophical problems. And when physicists found out, we didn't have a consensus. Is there anti energy in the world? Are these various statements referring to different states of one thing or different kinds of things (or to use another word "being")? The big bang model depicts a universe that contains 5% of visible matter, 26% and 69% of dark matter and dark energy. The study of physics starts from the three-dimensional objects that we can touch, and advances to the micro and macro directions, so that we can establish knowledge of the universe and particles. Quantum maze and what is matter are two great books in this field. This is a popular science book about quantum sized matter by two physicists. The former is in the form of scientific biography, and the latter is more theoretical speculative.

One of the puzzles of the quantum world is uncertainty. As long as the instrument is used to measure, the movement of particles will be disturbed. Therefore, we can only get a law describing the probability distribution of quantum motion, instead of getting accurate data about velocity and position as in daily life. This is hard to understand for us who are used to measuring objects of regular size. In fact, any measurement is bound to produce interference signal to the measured object, but it can be ignored when it is not significant. In the quantum scale, the interference may be far greater than the signal strength of the measured particle itself, so it can not be measured accurately. In the law of quantum motion represented by wave function, the reality in the quantum world can only be interpreted as a combination of a series of possibilities.

John Wheeler, the physicist who had to work with John Wheeler, was one of the two masters of the quantum world. Their collaboration began when Feynman, a graduate student, served as an assistant to Professor Wheeler. Many achievements have been made in quantum research, among which symmetry is a feature. For example, through the study of electrons, Dirac and Anderson found "positrons" from theory and experiment respectively, and then almost found "antiparticles" corresponding to all consistent particles. There are deep-seated laws of orderly development in nature, such as self-organization, forming a symmetrical universe, which is the material basis of our dialectical thinking.

In fact, the fourth dimension is the light that we have been observing in the world. After the publication of special relativity, Einstein's mathematics professor minkovsky quickly put forward the concept of four-dimensional space-time (minkovsky space), which not only better explained the theory of relativity, but also laid a solid foundation for the study of quantum theory. Every thing has its own time stamp. Our daily life is also irreversible. Blockchain technology makes full use of the unique invariant coordinate of "time stamp", and realizes the irreversible event tracing mechanism through encryption algorithm. We have a lot of interesting paradoxes like this. For example, a line can be regarded as composed of countless points. Why can we traverse these infinite points in a limited time? The so-called "perception of the former" refers to the "infinite" concept, which refers to the real world. It is impossible for human beings to observe how a visible three-dimensional object moves in the quantum world, because at the moment of observation, the quantum world has collapsed. If you're not exploring the universe or emigrating, you probably won't pay attention to the fact that mass and energy can bend the structure of space and time.

When our study of nature has reached the level of quantum micro and universe macro, many ideas have risen to the level of philosophy, and minkovsky geometry has given us mathematical interpretation tools. For example, from the positive "light cone", we can find that there is a negative "light cone", which explains where the light (time) comes from. Although it is impossible to perceive the retrograde time in real life, it may only be limited to the simple perception or measurement of human beings. At the micro particle level, the change of space-time is another kind of perception or measurement. In the four-dimensional space-time map, we can see a zigzag "world line" representing people's present and future development. As time goes on, it intersects with other people's world lines and forms a interpersonal network. The lines of his body and his world will continue to change as time goes by, when his body and the lines of his own life cease. It is through the excellent research of these brilliant mathematicians and physicists that human beings have become the smartest creatures on earth today. We now know that all matter is made up of matter particles called fermions, and all energy comes from particles called bosons. At the micro level, they interact and transform. In the macro world, time and space also interact and can be converted to each other. The research of human beings in the space-time beyond the conventional scale is not only to satisfy the curiosity of human beings to explore the world, but also to reveal the truth of those mysterious phenomena which can not be explained by science and often called "superstition".